"O CONCILIADOR DO MARANHÃO" AND "MEMÓRIAS SOBRE A TIPOGRAFIA MARANHENSE" PRINTS FROM THE 19TH CENTURY: considerations on paper as a raw material and invasive extrinsic actions practiced by consultants

Abstract

The study addresses invasive actions characterized by scratches, marks and calligraphic annotations that took place in two works from the nineteenth century: the newspaper O Conciliador do Maranhão and the book Memórias sobre a tipografia Maranhense by José Maria Correa de Frias. We chose them for the following reasons: the newspaper because it was the first printing in Maranhão, in 1821, and the book because it is a sensitive and significant report, by author and printer Frias, regarding the printing activities at that time in São Luís. We took into consideration the common good, heritage education, and the fragility of paper. About the latter, the study pointed out its history and different manufacturing modes, with emphasis on its use as raw material for printing in the 1800s. As a result, it is inferred that the works suffered interference from specific consulters, and not aggressions made by lay people, and that the traces left behind are irreversible and a bad example.