AFRICA: on the differences, the limits and the advances of the actions of resistance

Abstract

In this paper I will discuss how the colonialist strategies and the debates that followed were processed. Since the end of the 19th century, Africa has undergone a series of interventionist policies, resulting in an era of catastrophe. The reactions were framed between three solutions: submission, alliance and confrontation. We must note that resistance from the standpoint of politics, economics, and religion must be reconsidered. To this effect, I brought the examples of Kimpa Vita and Queen Jinga, in the pre-colonial period, to help us understand the phenomenon of long-term resistance. I will describe Menelik II's resistance against the Italian initiative in Ethiopia and occupation of Namibia by the German forces, characterized as the first great experience of concentration camps and extermination. I will conclude with the resistance in Moçâmedes, place of confrontation between the Portuguese and natives led by the sobas.

Keywords: Africa. Colonization. Resistance.